1/5/2024 0 Comments Pupil size chart for drugsTo keep the target near the fovea, multiple brain structures are recruited. The role of fixation is to maintain the image of the object of interest in the fovea which is the area of the retina where the visual acuity is best. Small eye movements made during attempted fixation have received less attention although this has started to change in recent years due to the renewed interest in fixational eye movements and their relation to visual perception, attention, and cognition. Research on eye movements and oculomotor control in PD has traditionally focused on saccades and saccadic performance using test paradigms like the pro- and anti-saccade task. So far, the use of eye-tracking to assess eye movements has not been part of the routine clinical workup in parkinsonian disorders mainly because, to date, most high-end eye-tracking systems suitable for clinical research have been rather complicated to use by non-experts, making them impractical as an everyday assessment tool in typical clinical settings. These symptoms are not specific for PD although the majority appear early in the course of the disease. Common findings during clinical evaluation are hypometric saccades, hyperreflexivity, increased latency of voluntary saccades, and saccadic intrusions during smooth pursuit eye movements. Diplopia (double vision), alterations in visuoperception, impairment in contrast, and color vision, as well as visual hallucinations, are some of the usual complaints. Visual and oculomotor problems in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are among the most common non-motor symptoms reported by patients.
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